Green Turtle

The green turtle is the second largest after the leatherback. They can weigh up to 500 lbs (225 kg) and reach four feet (1.2 m) in length. The adult is an herbivore, dining on sea grasses, seaweeds, algae and other forms of marine plant life. Their beak is sharp and finely serrated, perfectly adapted for grazing in seagrass beds and scraping algae off of hard surfaces.

This species is the only one to come on shore regularly to bask. Basking only occurs in Hawaii, particularly the Northwestern Hawaiian Island chain, the Galapagos Islands, and in some areas of Australia.

Where (and When) to SEE:

Costa Rica:

• Tortuguero National Park: STC (June - Oct)
• Punta Pargos: Sea Turtles Forever (Nov - April)

Baja California Sur: various locations (year round)

Facts & Tidbits

• These turtles are believed to improve the health of seagrass beds and associated microhabitats. They will graze the beds, taking off the tops of leaf blades, while avoiding the roots. This has the same effect of mowing a lawn or getting a haircut. The seagrass will grow healthier and faster with a daily trim!  Learn more about their diet.
  
• Greens in the Eastern Pacific are called Pacific Black turtles and some researchers believe they are a separate species. Their coloration is not black, but their skin pigmentation is darker than other green turtles, making them appear darker overall. They are also smaller and their carapace is slightly different in shape.
  
• Their name comes from the color of their fat, not their shell, as commonly believed.
  
• They are listed as Endangered in the US and around the world by the IUCN Red List.
  
• Their scientific name is Chelonia mydas.
  

Distribution

This species has a sub-tropical and tropical worldwide distribution, with major nesting assemblages in Tortuguero (Costa Rica), as well as Oman, Florida, and Raine Island (Australia) where thousands of turtles are reported to nest each night during peak nesting season. They are also found nesting on French Frigate Shoals in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, Guam, American Samoa, Suriname, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands.

Threats

Population declines are mainly due to harvest for eggs and meat for human consumption. Fibropapilloma (also known as FP) is a disease associated with lesions and rapid tumor growth on the eyes, mouth, and soft-skin areas, as well as internal organs. FP, believed to be connected to pollution, has greatly affected their populations, especially in Florida and Hawaii, but also the Caribbean and Australia.  This disease is most prevalent in greens, but has also been observed in other species. Tumor growth can affect their ability to breath, eat, see, and swim, and may result in eventual debilitation and death.

Other threats include ingestion of marine debris, boat strikes, coastal development, feeding habitat degradation, and incidental capture in fishing gear.

Did You Know?

• These turtles are distributed worldwide and nest in more than 80 countries. 
• Nearly all Hawaiian Green sea turtles migrate to nest at French Frigate Shoals in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI), located approximately 500 miles NW of Honolulu. The NWHI are designated as a refuge and are restricted to scientific research only.
  
• There was once a turtle fishery off Key West, Florida until they were protected by law in the 1970’s. At the time, their numbers were also greatly diminished in the Caribbean due to overharvesting. Today at the site of the former A. Granday Turtle Cannery lies Turtle Kraals, a restaurant and bar, named after the Dutch African word “kraals” which means “corral”.  Captured animals were kept here prior to being exported as a delicacy around the world.
  

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Green Fact Sheet (304 kb)